목차

31_pro : 대명사 (pronoun, pronominal)

인칭대명사

enclitic 대명사

3SG
3PL -iš

- 앞에 있는 단어(명사/동사)와 같이 쓰이며 의존대명사, 대명사 접사라고 하기도 한다.

소유와 수식 기능을 하나는 enclitic 대명사
balo1260 axenov2006:107
mard-īdēdēnlangār-akurt.
husband-3SGCONTplough-IMPERFdo.PST.3SG
Her husband kept on ploughing.
(2) 직접 목적어로 쓰이는 enclitic 대명사
balo1260 axenov2006:108
agarkipādišāzāg-ābaxša-ītuēla-īb-kant,zabrint.
ifSUBkingyou.SG.GENson-OBJSUBJ.forgive.PRES-3SGandfreeSBJ-do.PRS.3SGgoodCOP.PRS.3SG
If the king forgives your son and releases him, it will be good.
(4) 주어로 쓰이는 enclitic 대명사
balo1260 axenov2006:108
wat-īčalla-ābēōškurt-ag-īušut-a-ī.
REFL-GENren-OBJunconsciousdo.PST-PP-.3SGandgo.PST-PP.3SG
He has forgotten his ring and gone away.

지시대명사

balo1260 axenov2006:111
  • (y)ē, (y)ēš : 이것
  • ā: 저것
지시대명사의 곡용
단수 복수
direct (y)ē, (y)ēš, ā (y)ē, (y)ēš, ā
oblique (y)ēšī, āī (y)ēšān, āwān
genitive (y)ēšī, āī (y)ēšānī, āwānī
objective (y)ēšā, (y)ēširā, āyrā (y)ēšānā, āwānā
locative (y)ēšīā, āīā (y)ēšānīā, āwānīā

정-, 부정대명사

의문사 -ē-(한) (h)ar-모든 (h)ičč(아무도 (~않다)
사람 kay kass-ē (h)arkass (h)iččkass
물건 čē čīz-ē (h)arčī(z) (h)iččī(z)
장소 guǰā ǰā-ē (h)arǰā (h)ičǰā
시간 kadēn waxt-ē (h)arwaxt (h)ičwaxt
성질 čōn dawl-ē (h)arḍawl (h)ičḍawl
한정사 guǰām - (h)arguǰām (h)ičguǰām

의문대명사

단수 복수
direct kay, čē, guǰām kay, čē, guǰām
oblique kay, čē(w)ā, guǰām -, čē(w)ān, -
genitive kī, čēway, - -,-,-
objective kay(r)ā, čē, - -,-,-
locative kīā, čēwayā, - -,-,-

재귀대명사

단수/복수
direct/oblique
genitive watī
objective watrā
locative watīā