목차

23_verb : 동사 (verb)

동사 파생

동사 파생 접사
-la, -le ǰïrla- ‘노래하다’, ǰerle- ‘안장을 얹다’, bekle- ‘치다’, ekile- ‘둘로 나누다’.
-da, -de kïymïlda- ‘움직이다’, zïŋgïrda- ‘딸랑거리다’, düŋgürde- ‘(천둥)우르릉거리다’
-lan, -len awuzlan- ‘먹다’, yujlen ‘장가가다’, sagïšlan- ‘생각하다’.
-laš, -leš qučaqalaš- ‘안다’, bekleš- ‘싸우다’.
-l, -al, -el qaral- ‘까매지다’.
-sïn, -sun azsïn- ‘작다고 생각하다’, ǰersin- ‘가라앉다’, künsün- ‘만족하다’.
계사
과거시제 조건법
단수 1인칭 edim ‘I was’ esem ‘If I was/were’
2인칭 ediŋ eseŋ
3인칭 edi ese
복수 1인칭 edik esek
2인칭 edigiz esegiz
3인칭 edile esele

시제

- Past Indefinite -gen+Copular al-gan-sïz ‘당신은 가지셨다.’
- Past Categorical –di+Verbal Endings kör-düm ‘나는 보았다.’
- Present –e/y+Copular aša-y-sa ‘먹고 있다.’
- Present –iwči/iwcan+Copular bar-ïwču-dula ‘그들이 간다.’
- Present/Future –er/ir+Copular kab-ar-bïz ‘우리는 물것이다.’
- Future Categorical –rik/iik+Copular bar-rik-ma ‘나는 갈것이다.’
- Pluperfect -gen+e čal-gan e-di-le ‘They had mown.’
- Past Continuous –ib e- ǰat-ïb e-di ‘She was lying down.’
- Past Continuous –e/y e- bar-a e-di-m ‘I was going.’
- Past Iterative –iwču e- al-ïwču ye-di ‘(S)he took.’
- Past Habitual –er/ir e- kel-ri e-di-ŋ ‘You used to come.’
- Past Resultative –ib e- ket-ib e-di-giz ‘you left’
- Present Continuous -e/y tur- ǰaz-a tur-a-dïk ‘we are writing.’
- Future -lik e- bar-lik e-di-m ‘I must go.’