| 조음위치 | 조음방법 | 음소 |
|---|---|---|
| bilabial | plosive | p p: pʼ b |
| bilabial | nasal | m |
| labio-dental | sibilant | v |
| dental | plosive | t tː tʼ d |
| dental | nasal | n |
| dental | sibilant | s sː z |
| dental | affricate | t͡s t͡sː t͡sʼ |
| alveolar | sibilant | S ʃː Z |
| alveolar | affricate | t͡ʃ t͡ʃː t͡ʃʼ |
| alveolar | trill | r |
| alveolar | lateral.fricative | l |
| palatal | approximant | j |
| velar | plosive | k kː kʼ ɡ |
| velar | fricative | х(хь) х:(хь:) |
| uvular | plosive | q(хъ) qː(къ) q’(кь) |
| uvular | fricative | χ χː ʁ |
| pharyngeal(epiglottal) | fricative | ħ ʕ |
| laryngeal(glottal) | plosive | ʔ |
| laryngeal(glottal) | fricative | h |